The Gaida (bagpipe) is one of the most characteristic folk instruments of Bulgaria. It is said that a traditional wedding is incomplete without his presence. Traditionally the solitary shepherd companion, it is accompanied often heard solo or with a large drum. It is also very popular in the small village orchestras. Like all Bulgarian folk instruments there are many regional differences, with distinctive style to detail and ornament. All have a common form: white kidskin bag, blowpipe, drone andChanter. The pipes of the eastern regions of Thrace and Dobrudja are usually high-pitched sounds, while the western Shope region are usually lower. In the south Bulgarian Rhodope region, they are extremely deep-pitched kid leather with big pockets. These are often in pairs or threes, and sometimes played in large groups. It is an ensemble in this area as "Sto Gaidies," which translates as "One Hundred Gaidas."
The standard instrument today is an outfit consisting of threeChanters and two drones, so that the player's ability to carry out, music from all regions. The chanter, called "gaidanitsa," makes this device unique. It has the ability to undertake a full chromatic scale. The conical bore may be up to seven subtle changes. The tone holes are curved and give depth to the fingers in a relaxed and comfortable grip. His unusual detail is the "flea hole", a small metal pipe or bushing at the top of the hole. This gives the instrument its excellent color palette. The pipes are traditionally rich with fine grooves or ridges, and with metal and ox horn of varying colors decorated trimmed. The Kaba gaida Southern Bulgaria is a huge instrument. The single drone is almost four meters long. It has a deep and noble tone. The gaidanitsa is hexagonal rather than round in cross section, and it is richly decorated with fine carvings.
The gadulka is probably the most popular and most old people> Instrument in Bulgaria today. Although loud and resonant, its distinctive Slavic voice is warm and soothing. It is traditionally played in small groups, orchestra, or accompany the singing. Most folk musicians their own instruments for the strong regional traditions of form and mood, but there are many renowned professional makers. Two types of gadulkas are often played. Both are carved from single large blocks of hardwood, and hollowed into pear like that corpus,then covered with resonant softwood faces. The more common form has three bowed strings, tuned A'EA with ten or twelve additional sympathetic strings. The other type is much smaller and their game is to limit the Dobroudja region near the Black Sea. It has three strings tuned in general EAA. Unlike violins, gadulkas be played at a shoulder strap or clipped to your belt and bowed horizontally. The Tambura is also a popular instrument. It is similar in form to the gadulka, with a curved,pear-shape. It has a loud, bright sound a bit like a banjo, and is commonly used for melody and chords. The strings are double-coursed like a mandolin but are tuned like the upper strings of a guitar.
The kaval, a Bulgarian or Balkan-end is also a common shepherd's flute, an instrument played in orchestras and as an accompaniment to sing. It is universally popular in Bulgaria. Playing techniques vary across the country. Typically a staccato style is played inWest, while a richly ornamented style is played in the East.
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